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Under Putin's rule, the Russian political system has been transformed into an authoritarian dictatorship. In March 2023, the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Putin for war crimes related to his alleged criminal responsibility for illegal child abductions during the war. In September 2022, he announced a partial mobilization and forcibly annexed four Ukrainian oblasts into Russia. In his fourth presidential term, he launched a significant invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, which prompted international condemnation and led to expanded sanctions. He also ordered a military intervention in Syria to support his ally Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian civil war, ultimately securing permanent naval bases in the Eastern Mediterranean. In his third presidential term, Russia annexed Crimea and supported a war in eastern Ukraine through several military incursions, resulting in international sanctions and a financial crisis in Russia. While serving as prime minister under Medvedev, he oversaw a military conflict with Georgia and enacted military and police reforms.
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Additionally, Putin led Russia in a conflict against Chechen separatists, reestablishing federal control over the region. ĭuring Putin's initial presidential tenure, the Russian economy grew on average by seven percent per year, driven by economic reforms and a fivefold increase in the price of oil and gas. In April 2021, after a referendum, he signed into law constitutional amendments that included one allowing him to run for reelection twice more, potentially extending his presidency to 2036. He returned to the presidency in 2012, following an election marked by allegations of fraud and protests, and was reelected in 2018. Due to constitutional limitations of two consecutive presidential terms, Putin served as prime minister again from 2008 to 2012 under Dmitry Medvedev. Following Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became acting president and, in less than four months, was elected to his first term as president. He briefly served as the director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and then as secretary of the Security Council of Russia before being appointed prime minister in August 1999. In 1996, he moved to Moscow to join the administration of President Boris Yeltsin. Putin worked as a KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before resigning in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg. He is the longest-serving Russian or Soviet leader since Joseph Stalin. Putin has held continuous positions as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime minister from 1999 to 2000 and from 2008 to 2012, and as president from 2000 to 2008 and since 2012. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the President of Russia. 2022 annexation of four Ukrainian regions.